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Liberties of the United States are certain inalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts.〔http://www.ontheissues.org/askme/civil_liberties.htm〕 Civil liberties are simply defined as individual legal and constitutional protections from entities more powerful than an individual, for example, parts of the government, other individuals, or corporations. The liberties explicitly defined, make up the Bill of Rights, including freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and the right to privacy.〔http://public.findlaw.com/civil-rights/civil-rights-basics/civil-rights-vs-liberties.html〕 There are also many liberties of people not defined in the Constitution, as stated in the Ninth Amendment: ''The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.'' ==Freedom of speech== (詳細はFirst Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted on December 15, 1791. : ''Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.''〔http://www.civilliberties.org/billof.html〕 This civil liberty grants all United States citizens the right to express themselves and enjoy the expression of others without interference of the government. This freedom of expression is often tested and can be the center of controversy because of how it is interpreted. The courts have recognized the Bill of Rights as having the intention of rights of privacy and the separation of church and state, even though it is not clearly stated. It is also thought that the amendment refers only to government interference, which leads to individual corporations and businesses violating these freedoms. The following types of speech are not protected constitutionally: defamation or false statements, child pornography, obscenity, damaging the national security interests, verbal acts, and fighting words. Because these categories fall outside of the First Amendment privileges, the courts can legally restrict or criminalize any expressive act within them. Other expressions, including threat of bodily harm or publicizing illegal activity, may also be ruled illegal.〔http://www.firstamendment.com/firstamendment.php〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Civil liberties in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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